Reservoir Geology, Hydrocarbon Reserves and Production in the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System
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Published:
Feb 9, 2012
Keywords:
statistics, Pannonian Basin System, hydrocarbon fields, Croatia, Neogene and Pre-Neogene reservoirs, recovery, exploitation period
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Abstract
Approximately 104 x 106 m3 of oil (39 fields), 6.93 x 106 m3 of condensate (11 fields), and 64.92 x 109 m3 of gas (52 fields), were recovered in the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System during 64 years of exploitation (1941–2005). The production peak was attained between 1980–1989, when exploitation began in 12 new fields. Based on their cumulative production, the Croatian oil and gas fields can be divided into four groups, and the condensate fields into three groups. Such a division has been supported by analysis of recovery, number of reservoirs, porosity and permeability, age and lithology of reservoir rocks. The longest production period is assumed for the first group of fields; for oil it is approximately 55 years, for condensate 46 and gas 36 years. In the favourable first group the average number of reservoirs is 16 for oil and 11 for gas. Lithological composition is highly favourable, because reservoirs are represented mostly by sandstones of Pannonian and Pontian age with high porosities and permeabilities. A relatively homogeneous sandstone lithology, including good regional seals like marls, enables an increase in recovery through the use of secondary and tertiary recovery methods. Also, water-flooding will remain the dominant secondary-recovery method for increased production in the future.
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References
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VELIĆ, J., WEISSER, M., SAFTIĆ, B., VRBANAC, B. & IVKOVIĆ, Ž. (2002): Petroleum-geological characteristics and exploration level of the three Neogene depositional megacycles in the Croatian part of the Pannonian basin [in Croatian]. –Nafta 53, 6-7, 239-249.
VELIĆ, J., MALVIĆ, T., CVETKOVIĆ, M., WEISSER, M. & CURI, V. (2008): Observation useful for increase of hydrocarbon fields exploitation period within Croatian part of the Pannonian basin. –SGEM conference “Modern Management of Mine Producing Geology and Environmental Protection”, Albena, 16.6.-20.6. 2008, Proceedings, 567-574.
VELIĆ, J., TIŠLJAR, J., DRAGIČEVIĆ, I. & BLAŠKOVIĆ, I. (2000): Shoreline cross-bedded biocalcarenites (Middle Miocene) in the Podvrško-Šnjegović area, Mt. Psunj, and their petroleum significance (Požega Subdepression - eastern Croatia). –Geol. Croat. 53, 2, 281-293.
VRBANAC, B. (1996): Palaeostructural and sedimentological analyses of Upper Pannonian sediments of Ivanić grad Formation in the Sava Depression [in Croatian]. –Unpubl. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Natural Sciences (Geological Department), University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 303 p.
VRBANAC, B., VELIĆ, J. & MALVIĆ, T. (2010): Sedimentation of deep-water turbidites in main and marginal basins in the SW part of the Pannonian Basin. –Geol. Carpath., 61, 1, 55-69.
ZEČEVIĆ, M., VELIĆ, J., SREMAC, J., TROSKOT-ČORBIĆ T. & GARAŠIĆ, V. (2010): Significance of the Badenian petroleum source rocks from the Krndija Mt. (Pannonian Basin, Croatia). –Geol. Croat., 63, 2, 225-239.
BELOŠIĆ, Ž. (2003): Istraživanje i proizvodnja nafte i plina [Exploration and production of oil and gas in Croatian]. –2nd International scientific-professional congress on petroleum industry, INA-Naftaplin, Zadar, 30.9.-3.10. 2003., Proceedings, 27-38.
DOBROVA, H., KOLLY, E. & SCHMITZ, U. (2003): E&P Ventures in the Eastern-Central Europe Transformation States after 1989 – a Review of Expectations and Results. –Oil Gas Eur. Mag., 4, 172-182.
DRAGAŠ, M., PRELOGOVIĆ, E., JAMIČIĆ, D., IVKOVIĆ, Ž., VELIĆ, J. & SAFTIĆ, B. (1995): Hydrocarbon Distribution as the Result of Tectonic Events in the Croatian Part of the Pannonian Basin. –EAEG & EAPG, 57th Conference and Technical Exhibition, Glasgow, Extended Abstracts, 2, 570-571.
FILJAK, R., PLETIKAPIĆ, Ž., NIKOLIĆ, D. & AKSIN, V. (1969): Geology of petroleum and natural gas from the Neogene complex and its basement in the southern part of the Pannonian basin, Yugoslavia. –AAPG, Conference of Institute of Petroleum and AAPG, Brighton, Proceedings, 113-130.
GORIČNIK, B. & DOMITROVIĆ, D. 2003: Laboratory analyses of CO2 process applicability in oil fields of Republic of Croatia [in Croatian]. –Naftaplin 1, 5-12.
HERNITZ, Z., VRBANAC, B., PAVLOVIĆ, Z. & BOKOR, N. (2002): On the exploration level of the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin. –Nafta 53, 10, 363-370.
JÜTTNER, I., SAFTIĆ, B., VELIĆ, J. (2001): Distribution of porosity and permeability within the Pontian sandstones in the Western part of Sava Depression in relation to their stratigraphic architecture and palaeotectonic relations. Nafta special issue, 1, 139-144.
MALVIĆ, T. & RUSAN, I. (2009): Investment Risk Assessment of Potential Hydrocarbon Discoveries in a Mature Basin. –Oil Gas Eur. Mag., 2, 67-72.
MALVIĆ, T. & VELIĆ, J. (2010): Relation between Effective Thickness, Gas Production and Porosity in Heterogeneous Reservoirs: an Example from the Molve Field, Croatian Pannonian Basin. –Petrol. Geosci., 16, 1, 41-51.
MALVIĆ. T., VELIĆ, J. & PEH, Z. (2005): Qualitative-Quantitative Analyses of the Influence of Depth and Lithological Composition on Lower Pontian Sandstone Porosity in the Central Part of Bjelovar Sag (Croatia). Geol. Croat., 58, 1, 73-85.
MATHUR, S. M. (1981): Cyclic sedimentation in the Vindhyan Supergrup. Geological survey of India, Records, 112, 8, 1-6.
MITCHUM, R. M. Jr. (1977): Glossary of terms used in seismic stratigraphy. –In: PAYTON, C. E. (eds.): AAPG Memoir. 26 – Seismic Stratigraphy-Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration, 205-212.
PAVELIĆ, D. (2001): Tectonostratigraphic Model for the North Croatian and North Bosnian sector of the Miocene Pannonian Basin System. Basin Res., 13, 359-376.
ROYDEN, L. H. (1988): Late Cenozoic Tectonics of the Pannonian Basin System. –In: ROYDEN, L. H. & HORVÁTH, F (eds.): AAPG Memoir. 45 (Chap. 3) - The Pannonian Basin, 27-48.
RÖGL, F. (1996): Stratigraphic Correlation of the Paratethys Oligocene and Miocene. –Mitteilungen Ges. Geol. Bergbaustudenten Österreich, 41, 65-73.
RÖGL, F. (1998): Palaeographic Consideration for Mediterranean and Paratethys Seaways (Oligocene to Miocene). –Annals Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 99A, 279-310.
TROSKOT-ČORBIĆ, T., VELIĆ, J. & MALVIĆ, T. (2009): Comparison of the Middle Miocene and the Upper Miocene source rock formations in the Sava Depression (Pannonian Basin, Croatia). –Geol. Croat., 62, 2, 123-133.
SAFTIĆ, B., PEH, Z., VELIĆ, J. & JÜTTNER, I. (2001): Interdepence of Petrophysical Properties and Depth: Some Implications of Multivariate Solution on Distinction Between the Lower Pontian Hydrocarbon-bearing Sandstone Units in the Western Part of the Sava Depression. –Geol. Croat., 54, 2, 259-277.
SAFTIĆ, B., VELIĆ, J., SZTANO, O., JUHAS, G. & IVKOVIĆ, Ž. (2003): Tertiary subsurface facies, source rocks and hydrocarbon reservoirs in the SW part of the Pannonian Basin (northern Croatia and south-western Hungary). –Geol. Croat., 56, 1, 101-122.
STEININGER, F., RÖGL, F. & MÜLLER, C. (1978): Geodynamik und paläogeographische Entwicklung des Badenien. –Chronostratigraphie und Neostratotypen Miozän der Zentralen Paratethys, Verlag der Slowak. Akad. der Wissenschaften, Bd. VI, 110-127.
ŠIMON, J. (1980): Prilog stratigrafiji u taložnom sustavu pješčanih rezervoara Sava-grupe naslaga mlađeg tercijara u Panonskom bazenu sjeverne Hrvatske Contribution to stratigraphy of sandstone reservoirs depositional system in the Sava Group sediments in Late Tertiary of Pannonian basin in the Northern Croatia – in Croatian. –Unpub. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 66 p.
VELIĆ, J. 2007: Geologija ležišta nafte i plina Geology of Oil and Gas Reservoirs – in Croatian. –Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering ,University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 311 p.
VELIĆ, J., WEISSER, M., SAFTIĆ, B., VRBANAC, B. & IVKOVIĆ, Ž. (2002): Petroleum-geological characteristics and exploration level of the three Neogene depositional megacycles in the Croatian part of the Pannonian basin [in Croatian]. –Nafta 53, 6-7, 239-249.
VELIĆ, J., MALVIĆ, T., CVETKOVIĆ, M., WEISSER, M. & CURI, V. (2008): Observation useful for increase of hydrocarbon fields exploitation period within Croatian part of the Pannonian basin. –SGEM conference “Modern Management of Mine Producing Geology and Environmental Protection”, Albena, 16.6.-20.6. 2008, Proceedings, 567-574.
VELIĆ, J., TIŠLJAR, J., DRAGIČEVIĆ, I. & BLAŠKOVIĆ, I. (2000): Shoreline cross-bedded biocalcarenites (Middle Miocene) in the Podvrško-Šnjegović area, Mt. Psunj, and their petroleum significance (Požega Subdepression - eastern Croatia). –Geol. Croat. 53, 2, 281-293.
VRBANAC, B. (1996): Palaeostructural and sedimentological analyses of Upper Pannonian sediments of Ivanić grad Formation in the Sava Depression [in Croatian]. –Unpubl. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Natural Sciences (Geological Department), University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 303 p.
VRBANAC, B., VELIĆ, J. & MALVIĆ, T. (2010): Sedimentation of deep-water turbidites in main and marginal basins in the SW part of the Pannonian Basin. –Geol. Carpath., 61, 1, 55-69.
ZEČEVIĆ, M., VELIĆ, J., SREMAC, J., TROSKOT-ČORBIĆ T. & GARAŠIĆ, V. (2010): Significance of the Badenian petroleum source rocks from the Krndija Mt. (Pannonian Basin, Croatia). –Geol. Croat., 63, 2, 225-239.