Assessment of the Geotouristic Values of Devil's Town, Serbia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Serbia is a country rich in geoheritage with eighty geomorphological sites now under protection. Although a canyon, the site of Devil’s Town is a unique geomorphological site in Serbia and deserves special attention. The geotouristic values of Devil's Town were assessed based on the analysis of its present state and comparison with three similar and nearby geosites on the Balkan Pennisula (the Sand Pyramids in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Stob and Melnik Earth pyramids in Bulgaria). The assessment was performed using a ‘modified geosite assessment model’ (M-GAM), which includes estimation of the main indicators and sub-indicators. Devil's Town has an average level of major and additional values. Indicators show that this geosite has great tourist, scientific and aesthetic value, as well as enough space for improving the ecological and functional values, as a basis for the development of tourism. Devil's Town displays a higher touristic value than the Sand pyramids and slightly lower than the Stob pyramids. However, in comparison with the Melnik Earth pyramids in Bulgaria, its touristic value is significantly lower. This study could serve as a guide for managing development strategies concerning decision-making and engagement in tourism of the analysed geosite, addressing the needs of modern tourists.
Article Details
Issue
Section
Authors have copyright and publishing rights on all published manuscripts.
References
ANTIĆ, A. & TOMIĆ, N. (2017): Geoheritage and geotourism potential of the Homolje area (eastern Serbia).– Acta Geoturistica, 8/2, 67–78. doi: 10.1515/agta-2017-0007
ANTIĆ, A., TOMIĆ, N. & MARKOVIĆ, S. (2019): Karst geoheritage and geotourism potential in the Pek River lower basin (eastern Serbia).– Geographica Pannonica, 23/1, 32–46. doi: 10.5937/gp23-20463
ANTIĆ, A., TOMIĆ, N. & MARKOVIĆ, S. (2020): Karst-Based Geotourism in Eastern Carphatian Serbia: Exploration and Evaluation of Natural Stone Bridges.– Geoconservation Research, 3/2, 62–80. doi: 10.30486/gcr.2020.1903486.1023
BELIJ, S. (2007): Geodiverzitet i geonasleđe – savremeni trend razvoja geomorfologije u svetu i kod nas.– Zbornik Geografskog intituta Jovan Cvijić, 57, 65–70. doi: 10.2298/IJGI0757065B
BELIJ, S. (2008): Geodiverzitet i geonasleđe u razvoju geomorfologije i zaštiti prirode.– Zaštita prirode, 58/1–2, 5–14.
BELIJ, S. (2009): Stanje i zaštita geodiverziteta i objekata geonasleđa u Srbiji.– Zaštita prirode, 60/1–2, 349–358.
BOŠKOV, J., KOTRLA, S., JOVANOVIĆ, M., TOMIĆ, N., LUKIĆ, T. & RVOVIĆ, I. (2015): Аpplication of the Preliminary Geosite Assessment Model (GAM): The Case of the Bela Crkva Municipality (Vojvodina, North Serbia).– Geographica Pannonica,19/3, 146–152.
BOŽIĆ, S. & TOMIĆ, N. (2015): Canyons and gorges as potential geotourism destinations in Serbia: comparative analysis from two perspectives – general geotourists’ and pure geotourists’.– Open Geoscence., 7/1, 531–546. doi: 10.1515/geo-2015-0040
BRAGA, J.C. (Coord.) (2002): Propuesta de estrategia andaluza para la conservación de la geodiversidad [Andalucia strategy proposal for the conservation of geodiversity – in Spanish].– Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, 105 p.
BRATIĆ, M., MARJANOVIĆ, M., RADIVOJEVIĆ, A.R. & PAVLOVIĆ, M. (2020): M-GAM method in function of tourism potential assessment: Case study of the Sokobanja basin in eastern Serbia.– Open Geosciences, 12, 1468–1485. doi: doi: 10.1515/geo-2020-0116
BRILHA, J. (2005): Património geológico e geoconservação.– A conservação da natureza na suavertente geológica. Viseu: Palimage.
BRUSCHI, V.M. & CENDRERO, A. (2005): Geosite evaluation. Can we measure intangible values?– Il Quaternario, 18/1, 293–306.
BUREK, C.V. & PROSSER, C.D. (2008): The history of geoconservation: an introduction.– In: BUREK, C.V. & PROSSER, C.D. (eds.): The History of Geoconservation. Geological Society, London, 1–5. doi: 10.1144/SP300.1
CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information. SRTM 90m Digital Elevation Data. 2017. Retrieved from: http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/ (accessed: 22 February 2017).
CORATZA, P. & GIUSTI, C. (2005): Methodological proposal for the assessment of the scientific quality of geomorphosites.– Il Quaternario, 18/1, 307–313.
ĆUZOVIĆ, M., STAJIĆ, D. & OSTOJIĆ, M. (2004): From Unhealthy Rock to Black Gold.– JP PEU, Resavica, 315 p.
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M. & DRAKULIĆ, N. (1958): Kristalasti škriljci Jablanice.– Zbornik Rudarsko-geološkog fakulteta, 6, 1–32.
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.D. & DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.N. (1974): O genezi ”Dijabaz-rožnačke formacije“.– Geološki glasnik, 7, 333–345.
DJAVOLJA VAROŠ: http://www.djavoljavaros.com/ (accessed: 28 February 2017)
DJUROVIĆ, P. & MIJOVIĆ, D. (2006): Geoheritage of Serbia-Representative of its total geodiversity.– Zbornik Radova Geografskog Fakulteta u Beogradu, 54, 5–18. (in Serbian).
DOWLING, R.K. (2011): Geotourism’s Global Growth.– Geoheritage, 3/1, 1–13. doi: 10.1007/s12371-010-0024-7
DRAGIĆ, D., MISKOVIC, A., HART, C., TOSDAL, R., FOX, Ph. & GLISIC, S. (2014): Spatial and temporal relations between epithermal and porphyry style mineralization in the Lece Magmatic Complex, Serbia.– Poster in SEG Conference 2014, Keystone, CO, USA.
GEOLISS (Geological Information System of Serbia; Web publishing by GeolISS team Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade) (2020): Basic geological map. Belgrade: Ministry of Energy, Development and Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia. Retrieved from http://geoliss.mre.gov.rs (accessed: 05 September 2020)
GRANDGIRARD, V. & SZEPESI, A. (1997): Geomorphology and management of natural heritage (the protection of the geotopes, a new task in geomorphology).– Noosfera, 3, 59–65.
GRAY, M. (2008): Geodiversity: developing the paradigm.– Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 119/3-4, 287–298. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7878(08)80307-0
GRAY, M. (2013): Geodiversity: Valuing and Conserving Abiotic Nature.– Wiley-Blackwell. Chichester, U.K.
HOSE, T.A. (2000): European Geotourism – Geological Interpretation and Geoconservation Promotion for Tourists.– In: BARRETINO, D., WIMBLEDON, W.P. & GALLEGO, E. (eds.): Geological Heritage: Its Conservation and Management. Madrid: Instituto Tecnologico Geominero de Espana, 127–146.
HOSE, T.A. (2005a): Geo-Tourism - Appreciating the deep side of landscapes.– In: NOVELLI, M. (ed.): Niche Tourism: Contemporary issues, trends and cases. Elsevier Science, Oxford, 27–37.
HOSE, T.A. (2005b): Geotourism and Interpretation.– In: DOWLING, R.K. & NEWSOME, D. (eds.): Geotourism. Elsevier, Oxford, 221–241. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-6215-4.50020-8
HOSE, T.A. (2007): Geotourism in Almeria province, southeast Spain.– Tourism, 55, 259–276.
HOSE, T.A. (2008): The Genesis of Geotourism and its Management Implications.– In: Abstracts Volume, 4th International Conference, GEOTOUR 2008, Geotourism and Mining Heritage, Krakow.
HOSE, T.A., MARKOVIĆ, S.B., KOMAC, B. & ZORN, M. (2011): Geotourism – a short introduction.– Acta geographica Slovenica, 51/2, 339–342. doi: 10.3986/AGS51301
HOSE, T.A. & VASILJEVIĆ, Đ.A. (2012): Defining the Nature and Purpose of Modern Geotourism with Particular Reference to the United Kingdom and South-East Europe.– Geoheritage 4/1–2, 25–43. doi: 10.1007/s12371-011-0050-0
INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF NIS: (http://www.izjz-nis.org.rs/) (accessed: 4 December 2010)
JONIĆ, V. (2018): Comparative analysis of Devil s town and Bryce canyon geosites by applying the modified geosite assessment model (M-GAM).– Researches Reviews of the Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, 47/2, 113–125.
JOVANOVIĆ, M., KARAJIČIĆ, Lj., KARAMATA, S. & VUKANOVIĆ, M. (1972): Novi pogledi na razvoj vulkanizma u području leckog andezitskog kompleksa.– Geol. anali balk. pol., 37/2, 165–177.
JOYCE, E.B. (2006): Geomorphological Sites and the New Geotourism in Australia.– Geological Society of Australia. Melbourne. (http://web.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/Joyce/heritage/GeotourismReviewebj.htm)
KOSTIĆ, B., ŠARIĆ, K., CVETKOVIĆ, V., KRSTEKANIĆ, N., PANTELIĆ, N. & BOSIĆ, D. (2017): A reinterpretation of the geological map of northwestern part of Lece Volcanic Complex.–- In: 13th Workshop on Alpine Geological Studies, Zlatibor Mts., Belgrade, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Mining and Geology.
KARAMATA, S., STOJANOV, R., SERAFIMOVSKI, T. et al. (1992): Tertiary magmatism in the Dinarides of the Vardar zone and the Serbo-Macedonian Massif.– Geologica Macedonica, 6/1, 127–186.
LEPIRICA, A. (2010): Prirodni uslovi i mogućnosti za razvoj turizma u mezoregiji Gornje Podrinje.– Zbornik radova PMF, 7, 57–79.
LEPIRICA, A. (2013): Geomorfologija Bosne i Hercegovine.– Biblioteka University book, Sarajevo Publishing, 208 p.
LJEŠEVIĆ, M.A. (2002): Geodiverzitet kao uslov i iskaz životne sredine.– Zbornik radova PMF, 50, 17–32.
MALAŠEVIĆ, M., VUKANOVIĆ, M., BRKOVIĆ, T., ОBRADINOVIĆ, Z., KARAJIČIĆ, LJ., STANISAVLJEVIĆ, R., DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M. & UROŠEVIĆ, M. (1974): Basic Geological Map 1:100.000, Kuršumliја K 34-31, Savezni geološki zavod, Belgrade.
MILADINOVIĆ, Z., ILIĆ, M. & SIMIĆ, V. (2010): Gemstone deposits of Lece volcanic complex (South Serbia).– In: XIX Congress of Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association, Thessaloniki, Greece, 23-26th September, Akademichno Izdatelstvo Prof. Marin Drinov, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia. Geologica Balcanica, 39/1–2, 253–254.
MIJOVIĆ, D. & MILJANOVIĆ, D. (1999): Naučni i obrazovni kriterijumi evaluacije geonasleđa uplaniranju zaštite prirodnih predela.– Zaštita prirode 51/2, 133–139.
MIJOVIĆ, D. (2002): Menadžment objekata geo-nasleđa u Srbiji - put ka geoturizmu.– Zaštita prirode, 53/2, 135–142.
MIJOVIĆ, D., RUNDIĆ, LJ. & MILOVANOVIĆ, D. (2005): Zaštita geonasleđa u Srbiji i pravci razvoja.– In: Zbornik radova Drugog naučnog skupa o geonasleđu Srbije. Zavod za zaštitu prirode Srbije, Beograd, 17–21.
NEWSOME, D. & DOWLING, R.K. (2006): The Scope and Nature of Geotourism.– In: DOWLING, R.K. & NEWSOME, D. (eds.): Geotourism, Elsevier, Oxford, 3–25. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-6215-4.50009-9
NEWSOME, D. & DOWLING, R.K. (2010): Geotourism: the tourism of geology and landscape.– Goodfellow Publishers, Oxford. doi: 10.23912/978-1-906884-09-3-21
NOJKOVIĆ, S. & MIJOVIĆ, D. (1998): Zaštita geo-nasleđa u Srbiji nekad i sad.– Zaštita prirode, 50, 439–442.
PĂL, M. & ALBERT, G. (2018): Comparison geotourism assessment models: An experiment in Bakony–Balaton UNSECO Global Geopark, Hungary.– Acta Geoturistica, 9, 1–13.
PANIZZA, M. & PIACENTE, S. (2003): Geomorfologia culturale.– Piatogora Editrice, Bologna, 350 p.
PEREIRA, P., PEREIRA, D. & CAETANO ALVES, M.I. (2007): Geomorphosite assessment in Montesinho Natural Park (Portugal).– Geographica Helvetica, 62/3, 159–168. doi: 10.5194/gh-62-159-2007
PEŠUT, D. (1976): Geology, tectonics and metallogeny of Lece massif.– Rasprave Zavoda za geološka i geofizička istraživanja, 14, 1–59. (in Serbian, English summary)
PRALONG, J.P. (2005): A method for assessing the tourist potential and use of geomorphological sites.– Géomorphologie. Relief, processus, environnement, 11/3, 189–196. doi: 10.4000/geomorphologie.350
PRALONG, J.P. & REYNARD, E. (2005): A proposal for a geomorphological sites classification depending on their tourist value.– Il Quaternario, 18/1 (volume speciale), 313–319.
PRALONG, J.P. (2006): Géotourisme et utilisation de sites naturels d’intérêt pour les sciences de la Terre. Les régions de Crans-Montana- Sierre (Valais, Alpes suisses) et Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (Haute-Savoie, Alpes françaises).– Travaux et Recherches n 32, Lausanne, Institutde Géographie, 224 p.
PROTIĆ, D. (1995): Mineral and thermal waters of Serbia.– Geoinstitute, special editions, 17, Belgrade, 77. (in Serbian)
REIS, R.P. & HENRIQUES, M.H. (2009): Approaching an integrated qualification and evaluation system for geological heritage.– Geoheritage, 1/1, 1–10. doi: 10.1007/s12371-009-0002-0
REYNARD, E. (2008): Scientific Research and Tourist Promotion of Geomorphological Heritage.– Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, 31/2, 225–230.
REYNARD, E. (2009): The assessment of geomorphosites.– In: REYNARD, E., CORATZA, P. & REGOLINI-BISSIG, G. (eds): Geomorphosites. Pfeil Verlag, München, 63–72.
REYNARD, E., PERRET, A., BUSSARD, J., GRANGIER, L. & MARTIN, S. (2016): Integrated Approach for the Inventory and Management of Geomorphological Heritage at the Regional Scale.– Geoheritage, 8, 43–60. doi: 10.1007/s12371-015-0153-0
REYNARD, E. & BRILHA, J. (2018): Geoheritage: Assessment, Protection, and Management.– Elsevier, Amsterdam, 482 p.
RISTIĆ, D., VUKOIČIĆ, D., NIKOLIĆ, M., DRAGOJLOVIĆ, J. & MILENTIJEVIĆ, N. (2018): Prirodni resursi u funkciji razvoja zelenog turizma na području opštine Kuršumlija.– Ecologica, 25/92, 787–793.
ROCHA, J., BRILHA, J. & HENRIQUES, M.H. (2014): Assessment of the geological heritage of Cape Mondego natural monument (Central Portugal).– Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 125/1, 107–113. doi: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2013.04.005
SADRY, B.N. (2009): Fundamentals of Geotourism: with special emphasis on Iran.– Samt publisher, Tehran, 220 p.
SCHMIDT, S.M., BERNOULLI, D., FÜGENSCHUH, B., MATENCO, L., SCHEFER, S., SCHUSTER, R., TISCHLER, M. & USTASZEWSKI, K. (2008): The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units.– Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 101/1, 139–183. doi: 10.1007/s00015-008-1247-3
SERAFIMOVSKI, T. (1990): Metallogeny of the Lece-Chalkidiki Zone.– Unpub. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Štip, Macedonia, 380 p. (in Macedonian)
SERRANO, E. & GONZÁLEZ-TRUEBA, J.J. (2005): Assessment of geomorphosites in natural protected areas: the Picos de Europa National Park (Spain).– Géomorphologie. Formes, processus, environnement, 11/3, 197–208. doi: 10.4000/geomorphologie.364
SKINNER, B.J. & PORTER, S.C. (2000): The Dynamic Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology, 4th Edition.– American Museum of Natural History, New York; John Wiley & Sons, 575 p.
SÜTÖOVÁ, A., ZGODAVOVÁ, K. & LAJCZYKOVÁ, M. (2018): Quality and Effectiveness Evaluation of the Geological Services Using CEDAC Method.– Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 23/1, 18–25.
SREĆKOVIĆ-BATOĆANIN, D., VUKOIČIĆ, D., PAPOVIĆ, O., MILOVANOVIĆ, D., KIĆOVIĆ, D. & ĐEKIĆ, T. (2010): Devil’s City-history of development and touristic potentials.– In: Proceedings of the International Symposium OEOECOLOGY- XXI CENTURY, GEOECO, Žabljak-Nikšić, 21-24 September, 257–268. (in Serbian, with English abstract)
STAJEVIĆ, B. (2004): Geochemical haloes of gold in the Lece ore field (southern Serbia).– Annales Géologiques de la Péninsule Balkanique, 65 (2002–2003), 93–99. doi: 10.2298/GABP0301093S
STANKOVIĆ, S.M. (2004): Turistička valorizacija geomorfoloških objekata geo-nasleđa Srbije.– Glasnik Srpskog geografskog društva, 84/1, 79–88.
TIČAR, J., TOMIĆ, N., VALJEVAC, B.M., ZORN, M., MARKOVIĆ, B.S. & GAVRILOV, B.M. (2018): Speleotourism in Slovenia: balancing between mass tourism and geoheritage protection.– Open Geoscience, 10/1, 344–357. doi: 10.1515/geo-2018-0027
TOMIĆ, N. (2011): The potential of Lazar Canyon (Serbia) as a geotourism destination: inventory and evaluation.– Geographica Pannonica, 15/3, 103–112.
TOMIĆ, N. & BOŽIĆ, S. (2014): A modified Geosite Assessment Model (M-GAM) and its Application on the Lazar Canyon area (Serbia).– International Journal of Environmental Research, 8/4, 1041–1052.
TOMIĆ, N., MARKOVIĆ, B.S., KORAĆ, M., MRĐIĆ, N., HOSE, A.T., VASILJEVIĆ, A.Đ., JOVIČIĆ, M. & GAVRILOV, B.M. (2015): Exposing mammoths: From loess research discovery to public palaeontological park.– Quaternary International, 372/22, 142–150. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.12.026
TOMIĆ, N., MARKOVIĆ, S., ANTIĆ, A. & TEŠIĆ, D. (2020): Exploring the potential for geotourism development in the Danube region of Serbia.– International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 8/2, 123–139.
TOMIĆ, N. & KOŠIĆ, K. (2020): Developing the Spa Assessment Model (SAM) and its application on the Kopaonik-Jastrebac spa zone (Serbia).– Tourism Management Perspectives, 36, 100753. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100753
TOMIĆ, N., SEPEHRIANNASAB, B., MARKOVIĆ, S.B., HAO, Q. & LOBO, H.A.S. (2021): Exploring the Preferences of Iranian Geotourists: Case Study of Shadows Canyon and Canyon of Jinns.– Sustainability, 13/2, 798. doi : 10.3390/su13020798
TOSDAL, R.M. (2012): U-Pb SHRIMP-RG ages and trace element geochemistry of the Kiseljak and Yellow Creek porphyry Cu-Au prospects, Southern Serbia.– Dunav Resources doo internal report, 21 p.
VALJAREVIĆ, A., SREĆKOVIĆ-BATOĆANIN, D., ŽIVKOVIĆ, D. & PERIĆ, D. (2015): GIS analysis of dissipation time of landscape in the Devil’s city (Serbia).– Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 20/2, 148–155.
VALJAREVIĆ, A., VUKOIČIĆ, D. & VALJAREVIĆ, D. (2017): Evaluation of the tourist potential and natural attractivity of the Lukovska Spa.– Tourism Management Perspectives, 22, 7–16. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2016.12.004
VASILJEVIĆ, DJ.A., MARKOVIĆ, S.B., HOSE, T.A., SMALLEY, I., O’HARADHAND, K., BASARIN, B., LUKIĆ, T. & VUJIČIĆ, M.D. (2011): Loess towards (geo) tourism – proposed application onloess in Vojvodina region (north Serbia).– Acta geographica Slovenica, 51/3, 391–406.
VASILJEVIĆ, DJ.A. (2015): Geodiverzitet i geonasleđe Vojvodine u funkciji zaštite i turizma. Doktorska disertacija.– Departman za geografiju, turizam i hotelijerstvo, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu.
VUJIČIĆ, M.D., VASILJEVIĆ, D.A., MARKOVIĆ, S.B., HOSE, T.A., LUKIĆ, T., HADŽIĆ, O. & JANIĆEVIĆ, S. (2011): Preliminary geosite assessment model (GAM) and its application on Fruška Gora Mountain, potential geotourism destination of Serbia.– Acta Geographica Slovenica, 51/2, 361–377. doi: 10.3986/AGS51303
VUKANOVIĆ, M., DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M., DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M., KARAJIČIĆ, LJ., RAJČEVIĆ, D., NAVALA, M., UROŠEVIĆ, M., MALEŠEVIĆ, M., TRIFUNOVIĆ, S., SERDAR, R. & ATIN, B. (1975): Basic Geological Map 1:100.000, sheet Podujevo K 34-43, Savezni geološki zavod, Belgrade.
VUKOIČIĆ, D., MILOSAVLJEVIĆ, S., VALJAREVIĆ, A., NIKOLIĆ, M. & SREĆKOVIĆ-BATOĆANIN, D. (2018): The evaluation of geosites in the territory of National Park „Kopaonik“ (Serbia).– Open Geoscience, 10, 618–633. doi: 10.1515/geo-2018-0049
VUKOVIĆ, S. & ANTIĆ, A. (2019): Speleological Approach for Geotourism Development in Zlatibor County (West Serbia).– Turizam, 23/1, 53–68. doi: 10.5937/turizam23-21325
WHITE, S. & WAKELIN-KING, G.A. (2014): Earth sciences comparative matrix: a comparative method for geoheritage assessment.– Geographical research, 52/2, 168–181. doi: 10.1111/1745-5871.12062
ZOUROS, N.C. (2007): Geomorphosite assessment and management in protected areas of Greece. The case of the Lesvos island coastal geomorphosites.– Geographica Helvetica, 62/3, 169–180. doi: 10.5194/gh-62-169-2007