Terrestrial Heat Flow Density in the Zagreb – Karlovac Area
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Published:
Jun 2, 2014
Keywords:
geothermal map, heat flow density, heat conduction, Croatia
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Abstract
Abstract
Within the project „Geothermal map of the Republic of Croatia”, initiated in 2007, the wide area of the cities of Zagreb and Karlovac has been investigated (approx. 5500 km2). In this work the results of investigation of the Terrestrial Heat Flow Density (THFD) are presented. These include the results of computation of THFD at locations of boreholes and maps of THFD of the investigated area. It has been determined that THFD at the boreholes’ locations varies in a wide range and values differ from those previously published. In the most part of the investigated area THFD is in accordance with mean values for the continental areas. Two positive (Zagreb and Karlovac) and one negative (Žumberak) geothermal value can be singled out. The map of THFD, as presented in this work, is different from the previously published maps and is considerably more precise. It is determined that hydrogeothermal sources in the investigated area are not associated with THFD in the above mentioned areas.
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References
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ČERMAK, V. & RYBACH, L. (eds.) (1979): Heat flow Map of Europe.- Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, 328 pp. + 1 map.
ČUBRIĆ, S. (1993): Power and energy of Geothermal reservoirs in the Republic of Croatia. Nafta, 44, 459-470, Zagreb.
HAENEL, R., RYBACH, L. & STEGENA, L. (1998): Fundamentals of geothermics.– In: HAENEL, R., RYBACH, L. & STEGENA, L. (eds.): Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination, Kluwer academic publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 9–57.
HURTIG, E., ČERMAK, V., HAENEL, R. & ZUI, V. (eds.) 1992): Geothermal Atlas of Europe.- GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam. Pub. No. 1., 156 pp. + 25 maps.
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KOVAČIĆ M. & PERICA R. (1998): Stupanj korištenja geotermalnih voda u Republici Hrvatskoj [The degree of geothermal Water utilization in the Republic of Croatia].- Hrvatske vode, 25, 355-361, Zagreb.
KOVAČIĆ, M. (2007): Odnosi toplinske provodljivosti stratigrafskih jedinica iz šireg područja Zagreba [Relations between the thermal conductivity of the stratigraphic units in the wider area of Zagreb – in Croatian].– Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik, 19, 27–33.
KOVAČIĆ M. (2010): History of Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Energy in the Zagreb Geothermal Area (Croatia).- Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010. Bali, Indonesi: IGA, 2010. 1-5.
LOWRIE, W., 1997: Fundamentals of geophysics. Cambridge university press, 368 p.
PAVELIĆ, D. (2001): Tectonostratigraphic model for the North Croatian and North Bosnian sector of the Miocene Pannonian Basin System.- Basin Research, 13, 359-376.
PLENIČAR,M., PREMRU, U. & HERAK, M. (1976): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, list Novo Mesto L33-79 [Basic Geological Map of SFRY 1:100000, Novo Mesto sheet – in Croatian].– Geološki zavod, Ljubljana, Zvezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
POWELL, W.,G., CHAPMAN, D., S., BALLING, N. & BECK, A.,E. (1998): Continental Heat-flow density.- In: HAENEL, R., RYBACH, L. & STEGENA, L. (eds.): Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination, Kluwer academic publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 167 - 222.
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PRELOVŠEK, P. & URAN, B. (1984): Generalised hot wire method for thermal conductivity measurements.- J. Phys. E. Sci. Instrum., 17, 674-677.
RAJVER, D. & RAVNIK, D. (2002): Geotermična slika Slovenije-razširjena baza podatkov in izboljšane geotermalne karte [Geothermal picture Slovenia-extended database and improved geothermal maps - in Slovenian].- Geologija, 45, 519-524, Ljubljana
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RAVNIK, D., RAJVER, D., POLJAK, M. & ŽIVČIĆ, M. (1995): Overview of the geothermal field of Slovenia in the area between the Alps, the Dinarides and the Pannonian basin.- Tectonophysics, 250, 135-149.
SUMIKAWA, S. & ARAKAWA, Y. (1976): Quick thermal conductivity meter .- Instrumentation and Automation (Japan), 4, 60-68.
ŠIKIĆ, K., BASCH, O. & ŠIMUNIĆ, AN. (1972): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, list Zagreb L33-80 [Basic Geological Map of SFRY 1:100000, Zagreb sheet – in Croatian].– Geološki zavod, Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
UYEDA, S. (1988): Geodynamics.- In: HAENEL, R., RYBACH, L. & STEGENA, L. (eds.): Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination, Kluwer academic publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 317- 351.
BUKOVAC, J., POLJAK, M., ŠUŠNJAR, M. & ČAKALO, M. (1983): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, list Černomelj L33-91[Basic Geological Map of SFRY 1:100000, Černomelj sheet – in Croatian].– Geološki zavod, Zagreb i Geološki zavod, Ljubljana, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
ČERMAK, V. & RYBACH, L. (eds.) (1979): Heat flow Map of Europe.- Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, 328 pp. + 1 map.
ČUBRIĆ, S. (1993): Power and energy of Geothermal reservoirs in the Republic of Croatia. Nafta, 44, 459-470, Zagreb.
HAENEL, R., RYBACH, L. & STEGENA, L. (1998): Fundamentals of geothermics.– In: HAENEL, R., RYBACH, L. & STEGENA, L. (eds.): Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination, Kluwer academic publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 9–57.
HURTIG, E., ČERMAK, V., HAENEL, R. & ZUI, V. (eds.) 1992): Geothermal Atlas of Europe.- GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam. Pub. No. 1., 156 pp. + 25 maps.
JELIĆ, K., KEVRIĆ, I. & KRASIĆ, O. (1995): Temperature i toplinski tok u tlu Hrvatske [Temperature and heat flux in the Croatian territory – in Croatian].– In: VLAHOVIĆ, I., VELIĆ, I. & ŠPARICA, M. (eds): 1st Croatian Geological Congress, Opatija, October 18–21, 1995., Proceedings 1, Zagreb, 245–249.
KOVAČIĆ, M. (1995): Prilog poznavanju gustoće površinskog toplinskog toka u širem području Zagreba [Contribution to knowledge on terrestrial heat-flow density in the greater area of Zagreb – in Croatian].- In: VLAHOVIĆ, I., VELIĆ, I. & ŠPARICA, M. (eds): 1st Croatian Geological Congress, Opatija, October 18–21, 1995., Proceedings 1, Zagreb, 303 –306.
KOVAČIĆ M. & PERICA R. (1998): Stupanj korištenja geotermalnih voda u Republici Hrvatskoj [The degree of geothermal Water utilization in the Republic of Croatia].- Hrvatske vode, 25, 355-361, Zagreb.
KOVAČIĆ, M. (2007): Odnosi toplinske provodljivosti stratigrafskih jedinica iz šireg područja Zagreba [Relations between the thermal conductivity of the stratigraphic units in the wider area of Zagreb – in Croatian].– Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik, 19, 27–33.
KOVAČIĆ M. (2010): History of Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Energy in the Zagreb Geothermal Area (Croatia).- Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010. Bali, Indonesi: IGA, 2010. 1-5.
LOWRIE, W., 1997: Fundamentals of geophysics. Cambridge university press, 368 p.
PAVELIĆ, D. (2001): Tectonostratigraphic model for the North Croatian and North Bosnian sector of the Miocene Pannonian Basin System.- Basin Research, 13, 359-376.
PLENIČAR,M., PREMRU, U. & HERAK, M. (1976): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, list Novo Mesto L33-79 [Basic Geological Map of SFRY 1:100000, Novo Mesto sheet – in Croatian].– Geološki zavod, Ljubljana, Zvezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
POWELL, W.,G., CHAPMAN, D., S., BALLING, N. & BECK, A.,E. (1998): Continental Heat-flow density.- In: HAENEL, R., RYBACH, L. & STEGENA, L. (eds.): Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination, Kluwer academic publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 167 - 222.
PIKIJA, M. (1987): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, list Sisak L33-93 [Basic Geological Map of SFRY 1:100000, Sisak sheet – in Croatian].– Geološki zavod, Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
PRELOVŠEK, P. & URAN, B. (1984): Generalised hot wire method for thermal conductivity measurements.- J. Phys. E. Sci. Instrum., 17, 674-677.
RAJVER, D. & RAVNIK, D. (2002): Geotermična slika Slovenije-razširjena baza podatkov in izboljšane geotermalne karte [Geothermal picture Slovenia-extended database and improved geothermal maps - in Slovenian].- Geologija, 45, 519-524, Ljubljana
RAVNIK, D., KOLBAH, S., JELIĆ, K., MILIVOJEVIĆ, M., MIOŠIĆ, N, TONIĆ, S. & RAJVER, D. 1992: Yugoslavija. In: E. Hurtig, V. Čermak, R. Haenel and V. Zui (eds.): Geothermal Atlas of Europe. Geoforschungszentrum Postdam. Pub., 1:102-104, 152-153.
RAVNIK, D., RAJVER, D., POLJAK, M. & ŽIVČIĆ, M. (1995): Overview of the geothermal field of Slovenia in the area between the Alps, the Dinarides and the Pannonian basin.- Tectonophysics, 250, 135-149.
SUMIKAWA, S. & ARAKAWA, Y. (1976): Quick thermal conductivity meter .- Instrumentation and Automation (Japan), 4, 60-68.
ŠIKIĆ, K., BASCH, O. & ŠIMUNIĆ, AN. (1972): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, list Zagreb L33-80 [Basic Geological Map of SFRY 1:100000, Zagreb sheet – in Croatian].– Geološki zavod, Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
UYEDA, S. (1988): Geodynamics.- In: HAENEL, R., RYBACH, L. & STEGENA, L. (eds.): Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination, Kluwer academic publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 317- 351.